Monthly Bible
Commentaries

July 2026

Jesus, Mediator of God and Humankind

1 Timothy 2:3-6
God our Savior desires everyone to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. There is one God; there is also one mediator between God and humankind, Christ Jesus, himself human, who gave his life to set all human beings free—this was attested at the right time.

This passage from Paul’s first letter to Timothy begins with a reminder of God’s definitive plan, the universal salvation of humanity: God "wants everyone to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth.” This salvation is brought about through Christ’s gift of his life: he is the one, Saint Paul continues, who “gave his life to set all human beings free.”

To explain how this liberation takes place, Paul attributes a specific title to Christ: he presents him as the “one mediator between God and humankind.” Upon hearing the word “mediator,” many people spontaneously think of the role of an arbitrator or negotiator tasked with facilitating dialogue between two parties.

Yet Jesus is not an arbiter standing between God and us, nor is he even an intermediary charged with bringing God closer to humanity. It is not the case that on one side there is God, infinitely holy, and on the other, humanity, sinful and estranged from God, with Jesus standing in the middle, bridging the gap and conveying messages between them.

For if Jesus were merely a third party between God and us, he would remain outside of both. He could certainly be received as an envoy, a spokesperson, perhaps as the greatest of the prophets—but he would not, in his very being, be the encounter. Yet Paul does not say that Christ stands between God and humankind. To be precise, the preposition “between” is not present in the original Greek text, although it is used in many translations into our modern languages.

The original construction could be rendered more literally as “mediator of God and humans,” using the genitive case rather than a preposition that can have different meanings. Even if such a translation is possible, it is not the only one; and it has the drawback of suggesting the spatial image of a mediator who is like someone on a bridge between two shores. But Jesus is not on a bridge: he is the bridge..

Moreover, Paul immediately clarifies that Christ himself is a human being. This clarification is not a biographical detail, but rather indicates that the mediator embodies, in his very person, the communion between God and humanity. Through his life, his cross and his resurrection, Christ breaks down the barrier. He is not merely God’s ambassador to humanity, nor humanity’s intercessor before God, but, in his very person, the place where God and humanity become one.

As the Church’s tradition would later say regarding this mystery of the Incarnation: Christ is true God and true man, not a mixture of the two nor a compromise between them, but both fully united, without confusion or separation. When Jesus prays, he does so from the very heart of our human condition; when Jesus weeps, it is God who weeps with us.

Here is the testimony that Christ gives us: this work of mediation is not a task he performs from the outside; it is his very being. And when we encounter him—in prayer as well as in love for our neighbor—it is God himself who becomes present.  

01
When you think of Jesus, do you picture him as someone who conveys a message from God, or as God himself coming to us in person?
02
If Jesus is both fully God and fully human, what does that tell us about the value of our own humanity? Can that help us see our daily lives in a different light?
03
Christ unites the divine and the human within himself without either being lost. And you—do you sometimes feel as though you have to choose between your spiritual life and your very real, concrete, ordinary life? How might the mystery of the Incarnation help you bring them together?

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