Monthly Bible
Commentaries

EN | FR
January 2016

The Prayer and Forgiveness of Stephen, the First Martyr

Acts 7:54–8:4
When the members of the Sanhedrin heard Stephen’s words, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him. But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. “Look,” he said, “I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.” At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul. While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” Then he fell on his knees and cried out, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them.” When he had said this, he fell asleep. And Saul approved of their killing him. On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. Godly men buried Stephen and mourned deeply for him. But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off both men and women and put them in prison. Those who had been scattered preached the word wherever they went. (Acts 7:54–8:4)

Stephen is accused of speaking against the Temple of Jerusalem and the Law of Moses (Acts 6:13). In his defense, he first tells about the long history of God with his people, then he comes to the two charges. Regarding the Temple, he explains that, in fact, since the conclusion of the covenant at Sinai, God chose to dwell among his people and ordered Moses to build a mobile sanctuary, the “tent of the covenant.” Later, David’s son Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem. But Stephen quotes biblical texts to prove that God dwells in heaven and earth, in the entire universe. Regarding the Law of Moses, Stephen returns the accusation against his accusers. It is not the ones who believe in Jesus who transgress the law of God, but those who betrayed and killed him.

Stephen had probably not intended to conclude his speech with the murder of Jesus. In the Acts of the Apostles, the accusation “you killed Jesus” is always followed by the announcement of the good news, “but God raised him up!” At that point the words of Stephen are so unbearable to his judges that they do not want to let him finish. Nonetheless, despite their fury, he continues. He is no longer really speaking to them. He is no longer arguing. The Holy Spirit enables him to see the invisible, and Stephen is only a witness. He sees the risen Jesus in the glory of God, and he simply confirms what he sees. Then the judges stop their ears and start shouting very loud so as not to hear Stephen’s blasphemy.

The problem is not the vision of the heavens opening. Before him, prophets like Isaiah and Ezekiel saw the heavens opened and the glory of God in his heavenly temple, one not made with human hands. What makes the judges accuse him of blasphemy is Stephen’s claim to see the man Jesus in God. How could a condemned and crucified man share the glory of God? This would mean, conversely, that there is a place in God for suffering and death. It was because he understood exactly what was at stake that the future apostle Paul, who was present, approved the murder of Stephen. If what Stephen testifies to is true—and later on Paul will be convinced of this—then in God there is “folly” and “weakness” (1 Corinthians 1:25).

Stephen sees that Jesus is one with God. His vision of the unity of God and Jesus forms and orients his prayer. The prayers previously mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles are all addressed to God. Stephen is the first person to pray to Jesus. On the cross, Jesus had addressed God with a verse from Psalm 31, adding the word Father: “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.” Stephen addresses the same prayer to Jesus: “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” He prays to Jesus the way people pray to God, not because he had learned about faith in the Trinity, but because in looking towards God, he sees Jesus.

The unity of the crucified Jesus with God in his eternal glory has yet another consequence. By his faithfulness until death, Stephen resembles the seven brothers and their mother who were martyrs at time of the Maccabees two centuries earlier (2 Maccabees 7). But there is an important difference. The seven brothers ask God to do them justice, and they threaten their executioner: “Do not think that you will remain unpunished; (...) you will not escape from God’s hands.” (2 Maccabees 7:19,31). Stephen prays, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” He cannot ask for retribution because, looking towards God, he sees Jesus, the crucified Son of man. He cannot pray to God without Jesus appearing to him. But how could he ask Jesus, who loved even his enemies, for retribution and revenge?

The persecution that begins with the martyrdom of Stephen cannot stop the gospel from spreading. Rather, the good news crosses borders with those who have to flee and are scattered.

01
 How does the way we see God influence and orient our prayer?
02
What causes the desire to forgive to come to birth and grow in us?
03
What difficult moments, in my personal life as well as in that of the Church or of my community, have become occasions to take a new step forward and to go further?

Recent meditations

June 2026

Praying in Secret

Matthew 6:5-6

Jesus said: Whenever you pray, do not be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, so that they may be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. But whenever you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. . There are few passages in the gospels where Jesus offers concrete, practical advice—almost to the point where a literal interpretation is called for. When we read “love your enemies,” for example, we are invited to apply this teaching to our lives, knowing that it is a challenge to love that is possible only with God’s help. But when we hear “When you pray, go into your room,” or to a private place, this is a practical example that most people can follow at home.

May 2026

Widening our Friendship

Acts 2:1-11

When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. And suddenly from heaven there came a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. Divided tongues, as of fire, appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them ability. Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven living in Jerusalem. And at this sound the crowd gathered and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in the native language of each. Amazed and astonished, they asked, “Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? And how is it that we hear, each of us, in our own native language? Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs—in our own languages we hear them speaking about God’s deeds of power.”

April 2026

The Mystery of the Passover

John 12:20-28

Now among those who went up to worship at the festival were some Greeks. They came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida in Galilee, and said to him, "Sir, we wish to see Jesus." Philip went and told Andrew; then Andrew and Philip went and told Jesus.Jesus answered them, "The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. Very truly, I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains just a single grain; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. Those who cling to their life lose it, and those who are not attached to their life in this world will keep it for eternal life. Whoever serves me must follow me, and where I am, there will my servant be also. Whoever serves me, the Father will honor."Now my soul is troubled. And what should I say—"Father, save me from this hour'? No, it is for this reason that I have come to this hour. Father, glorify your name."

March 2026

Do You Want to Get Well?

John 5:1-9

There was a Jewish feast, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. Now there is in Jerusalem by the Sheep Gate a pool called Bethzatha in Aramaic, which has five covered walkways. A great number of sick, blind, lame, and paralyzed people were lying in these walkways. Now a man was there who had been disabled for thirty-eight years. When Jesus saw him lying there and when he realized that the man had been disabled a long time already, he said to him, “Do you want to get well?” The sick man answered him, “Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up. While I am trying to get into the water, someone else goes down there before me.” Jesus said to him, “Stand up! Pick up your mat and walk.” Immediately the man was healed, and he picked up his mat and started walking. (Now that day was a Sabbath.)

January 2026

"If You Knew What God Gives"

John 4:5-15

Jesus came to a Samaritan city called Sychar, near the plot of ground that Jacob had given to his son Joseph. Jacob’s well was there, and Jesus, tired out by his journey, was sitting by the well. It was about noon. A Samaritan woman came to draw water, and Jesus said to her, “Give me a drink.” (His disciples had gone to the city to buy food.) The Samaritan woman said to him, “How is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria?” (Jews do not share things in common with Samaritans.) Jesus answered her, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, ‘Give me a drink,’ you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water.” The woman said to him, “Sir, you have no bucket, and the well is deep. Where do you get that living water? Are you greater than our ancestor Jacob, who gave us the well, and with his sons and his flocks drank from it?” Jesus said to her, “Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again, but those who drink of the water that I will give them will never be thirsty. The water that I will give will become in them a spring of water gushing up to eternal life.” The woman said to him, “Sir, give me this water, so that I may never be thirsty or have to keep coming here to draw water.”

December 2025

An inner light

John 1:1-12

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. What has come into being in him was life, and the life was the light of all people. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. He came as a witness to testify to the light, so that all might believe through him. He himself was not the light, but he came to testify to the light. The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world came into being through him; yet the world did not know him. He came to what was his own, and his own people did not accept him. But to all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God.

November 2025

Finding our way

1 Samuel 3:1-10

Now, the boy Samuel was serving the Lord in the presence of Eli; in those days it was rare for The Lord to speak; visions were uncommon. One day, it happened that Eli was lying down in his room. His eyes were beginning to grow dim; he could no longer see. The lamp of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying in the Lord’s sanctuary, where the ark of God was, when the Lord called, ‘Samuel! Samuel!’ He answered, ‘Here I am,’ and, running to Eli, he said, ‘Here I am, as you called me.’ Eli said, ‘I did not call. Go back and lie down.’ So he went and lay down. And again the Lord called, ‘Samuel! Samuel!’ He got up and went to Eli and said, ‘Here I am, as you called me.’ He replied, ‘I did not call, my son; go back and lie down.’ As yet, Samuel had no knowledge of the Lord and the word of the Lord had not yet been revealed to him. Again the Lord called, the third time. He got up and went to Eli and said, ‘Here I am, as you called me.’ Eli then understood that the Lord was calling the child, and he said to Samuel, ‘Go and lie down, and if someone calls say, “Speak, Lord; for your servant is listening.”’ So Samuel went and lay down in his place. The Lord then came and stood by, calling as he had done before, ‘Samuel! Samuel!’ Samuel answered, ‘Speak, Lord; for your servant is listening.’

October 2025

Giving, praying, fasting

Matthew 6:1-6,16-18

Jesus said, “When you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honoured by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.” (…) “When you fast, do not look sombre as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show others they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, so that it will not be obvious to others that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen; and your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.”

September 2025

Leaving, following and receiving

Mark 10:28-31

Then Peter spoke up, “We have left everything to follow you!” “Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “no one who has left home or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for me and the gospel will fail to receive a hundred times as much in this present age: homes, brothers, sisters, mothers, children and fields —along with persecutions— and in the age to come eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and the last first.” Peter’s words are both the spoken realization that he and the others have let go of every security that they had, and an implicit question about what they will have for their future. As we search to understand our vocation, God often leads us along a kind of negative path – where we discover more and more what is not important to us. God works in us to detach our hearts from things in order for them to be ready to be attached to him.